In Patriarchal Society We’re Looking for Equality
The distinctions between males and females can be categorized into biological (or sex-related) differences on one hand and social (psychological and/or cultural) differences on the other. When we discuss gender equality, what are our aspirations? By mentioning equality, we seek equal opportunities and cerebral prospects. We are not stating that we desire to possess the physical strength of a man (a biological aspect) in order to overpower others or perform physically demanding tasks, which is often used as a counterargument against gender equality discussions. Rather, we aspire to attain equitable representation in leadership and decision-making roles. Furthermore, gender equality encompasses both genders. It also has the potential to liberate men from toxic masculinity, which restricts their expression of emotions beyond anger or aggression and imposes traditional masculine norms requiring toughness, competitiveness, and dominance. This, in turn, can lead to negative attitudes and behaviors towards women and other genders, as well as unrecognized inequalities faced by men in society.
So, what are the factors contributing to these issues of inequality? One significant factor in Indonesia itself is its patriarchal society.
Patriarchy can give rise to gender inequity, whereby women are treated as inferior and have fewer opportunities than men in terms of education, employment, and leadership positions. Consequently, a “glass ceiling effect” may ensue, wherein women are impeded from attaining executive positions despite possessing equal qualifications as their male counterparts (Lam & Laura, 2016).
Patriarchy also affects men by assigning specific roles and responsibilities, such as being the primary breadwinner and head of the family. These expectations can become burdensome and lead to stress and anxiety. Men are expected to display strength, toughness, and emotional detachment, making it challenging for them to express their feelings and seek assistance when needed. Research conducted by The Centers for Disease and Prevention reveals that the suicide rate among men is 3.5 times higher than that of women, partly due to their tendency to keep their emotions and experiences concealed. As a result, instances of male victims of sexual violence are frequently overlooked, leading many of them to choose silence over speaking out about their experiences.
Achieving gender equality involves striving for equal opportunities and representation, not solely focusing on physical attributes. Patriarchal societies contribute to gender inequities, limiting opportunities for women and imposing restrictive norms on men. Addressing these inequalities requires challenging societal expectations, promoting emotional expression for men, and recognizing the diverse experiences and needs of all genders. By working towards genuine gender equality, we can create a more inclusive and just society for everyone.
